Unlike in the West, the Nazi racial policy encouraged extreme brutality against what it considered to be the “inferior people” of Slavic descent; most German advances were thus followed by mass atrocities and war crimes. In Asia, Japan termed nations under its occupation as being part of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, essentially a Japanese hegemony which it claimed was for purposes of liberating colonised peoples. Although Japanese forces were sometimes welcomed as liberators from European domination, Japanese war crimes frequently turned local public opinion against them. The Nazis killed an estimated 2.77 million ethnic Poles during the war in addition to Polish-Jewish victims of the Holocaust.

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By late March 1941, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia signed the Tripartite Pact; however, the Yugoslav government was overthrown two days later by pro-British nationalists. The airborne invasion of the Greek island of Crete at the end of May completed the German conquest of the Balkans. Germany and Italy responded with simultaneous invasions of both Yugoslavia and Greece, commencing on 6 April 1941; both nations were forced to surrender within the month.

Finland refused to sign a similar pact. Rejected ceding part of its territory to the Soviet Union. League of Nations for this crime of aggression. In September 1940, Bulgaria demanded Southern Dobruja from Romania with German and Italian support, leading to the Treaty of Craiova. Finno-Soviet war ended in March 1940 with some Finnish concessions of territory. Romanian regions of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertsa region. In August 1940, Hitler imposed the Second Vienna Award on Romania which led to the transfer of Northern Transylvania to Hungary.

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Journal of Contemporary History. The Cambridge History of the Cold War – Origins. In Melvyn P. Leffler; Odd Arne Westad (eds.). Vol. I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sumner, Ian; Baker, Alix (2001). The Royal Navy 1939-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. Swain, Bruce (2001). A Chronology of Australian Armed Forces at War 1939-45. Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin. The Historical Journal. 35 (3): 641-663. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00026017. Stueck, William (2010). “The Korean War”. Swain, Geoffrey (1992). “The Cominform: Tito’s International?”.

On 11 July, Allied leaders met in Potsdam, Germany. During this conference, the United Kingdom – pipihosa.com – held its general election, and Clement Attlee replaced Churchill as Prime Minister. Between the two bombings, the Soviets, pursuant to the Yalta agreement, declared war on Japan, invaded Japanese-held Manchuria and quickly defeated the Kwantung Army, which was the largest Japanese fighting force. In early August, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The call for unconditional surrender was rejected by the Japanese government, which believed it would be capable of negotiating for more favourable surrender terms. American, British and Chinese governments reiterated the demand for unconditional surrender of Japan, specifically stating that “the alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction”.