Also has been argued that a Catholic-Muslim Global War hadn’t started in the clash between Charles V and Suleiman the Magnificent aspirations of Universal powers, but before within the Spanish-Ottoman wars in late Reconquista, due to Catholic Monarchs of Spain’s attempt to attack Turks and Mamluks (supporters of Emirate of Granada) in Asia from an circumnavigate expedition to the East Indies (which was the original intentions of Columbus’ voyages and of Magellan-Elcano), while also attacking them in Mediterranean Europe and North Africa, aspiring to lead a Global Crusade and Two-front war against the Ottomans. Spanish and Portuguese Empires against the French, Dutch and British Empires and their allies (mostly Protestants, like Danish and Swedish oversea expeditions) across the five continents.

Holly Yan and Mark Morgenstein (13 October 2015). “U.S., Russia escalate involvement in Syria”.

Tunander, Ola (May 2004). “War on Terror and Transformation of World Order”. Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). The New York Times. Taub, Amanda (1 October 2015). “”The Russians have made a serious mistake”: how Putin’s Syria gambit will backfire”. Holly Yan and Mark Morgenstein (13 October 2015). “U.S., Russia escalate involvement in Syria”. Martin Pengelly (4 October 2015). “John McCain says US is engaged in proxy war with Russia in Syria”. Anne Barnard and Karen Shoumali (12 October 2015). “U.S. Weaponry Is Turning Syria Into Proxy War With Russia”. The New York Times.

The same strategic considerations also ensured that the combatants would strike at each other’s colonies, thus spreading the wars far more widely than those of pre-Columbian times. The Ottoman Empire was responsible for the Armenian genocide, during the First World War, as well as other war crimes. War crimes were perpetrated in World War I. Chemical weapons were used in the war despite the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 having outlawed the use of such weapons in warfare.

John A. Lynn (19 December 2013). The Wars of Louis XIV 1667-1714. Routledge. W. W. Norton. pp. Wallechinsky, David (1996-09-01). David Wallechinskys 20th Century: History With the Boring Parts Left Out. White, Matthew (2012). The Great Big Book of Horrible Things: The Definitive Chronicle of History’s 100 Worst Atrocities. Hodgson, Quentin E (2001). “The First Global War”. Charles Esdaile “Napoleon’s Wars: An International History”. Taubenberger, Jeffery K.; Morens, David M. (January 2006). “1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics”. SAIS Review. 21 (1): 291-294. doi:10.1353/sais.2001.0016.