This allegedly brought Moltke to the verge of a nervous breakdown, before Lichnowsky realized he was mistaken. To avoid violating Belgian neutrality, he was told any advance could come only after a German invasion. Aware of German plans to attack through Belgium, French Commander-in-Chief Joseph Joffre asked his government for permission to cross the border and pre-empt such a move. Instead, the French cabinet ordered its Army to withdraw 10 km behind the German frontier, to avoid any incident which might provoke the war. On 2 August, Germany occupied Luxembourg and exchanged fire with French units when German patrols entered French territory; on 3 August, they declared war on France – https://www.pipihosa.com/2023/11/22/tokenization-and-real-world-assets-take-center-stage/ – and demanded free passage across Belgium, which was refused.

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Increasing diplomatic tensions between the European great powers reached a breaking point on 28 June 1914, when a Bosnian Serb named Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. Russia came to Serbia’s defence, and by 4 August, Germany, France, and Britain were drawn into the war, with the Ottoman Empire joining in November of the same year. Austria-Hungary held Serbia responsible, and declared war on 28 July.

Charles à Court Repington. For much of the 19th century, the major European powers maintained a tenuous balance of power, known as the Concert of Europe. Contemporary Europeans also referred to it as “the war to end war” and it was also described as “the war to end all wars” due to their perception of its unparalleled scale, devastation, and loss of life. Before World War II, the events of 1914-1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote “This is the Great War. It names itself”.

Schindler, John R. (2007). Unholy Terror: Bosnia, Al-Qa’ida, and the Rise of Global Jihad. Duffy, Michael (22 August 2009). “Weapons of War: Poison Gas”. RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of Serbia. Tucker & Roberts 2005, p. Horniman, Benjamin Guy (1984). British administration. The Amritsar massacre. Mittal Publications. Kant, Vedica (24 September 2014). “India and WWI: Piecing together the impact of the Great War on the subcontinent”. Tucker & Roberts 2005, pp.