To secure Italian neutrality, the Central Powers offered them Tunisia, while in return for an immediate entry into the war, the Allies agreed to their demands for Austrian territory and sovereignty over the Dodecanese. The pre-1914 Italian army was short of officers, trained men, adequate transport and modern weapons; by April 1915, some of these deficiencies had been remedied but it was still unprepared for the major offensive required by the Treaty of London. Germany fifteen months later.

Crypto Trading Scalping

Fornassin, Alessio (2017). “The Italian Army’s Losses in the First World War“. Population. 72 (1): 39-62. doi:10.3917/popu.1701.0039. Gray, Randal; Argyle, Christopher (1990). Chronicle of the First World War. Fromkin, David (2004). Europe’s Last Summer: Who Started the Great War in 1914?. Alfred A. Knopf. Gardner, Hall (2015). The Failure to Prevent World War I: The Unexpected Armageddon. Grant, R.G. (2005). Battle: A Visual Journey Through 5,000 Years of Combat. New York: Facts on File. Fromkin, David (1989). A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East.

1994). “The Treaty of Versailles: The Reparations Clauses”. Tucker & Roberts 2005, p. Suddath, Claire (4 October 2010). “Why Did World War I Just End?”. The Weimar Republic Sourcebook. Stone, Norman (2008). World War One: A Short History. Hall, Allan (28 September 2010). “First World War officially ends”. The New York Times. MacMillan, Margaret (25 December 2010). “Ending the War to End All Wars”. University of California Press. Tucker & Roberts 2005, p.

The British were forced to dispatch 12,000 troops to oppose them in the Senussi campaign. Total Ottoman casualties were 725,000, with 325,000 dead and 400,000 wounded. Total Allied casualties on the Ottoman fronts amounted to 650,000 men. When the war began in 1914, Italy argued the Triple Alliance was defensive and it was not obliged to support an Austrian attack on Serbia. In 1902, Rome secretly had agreed with France to remain neutral if the latter was attacked by Germany, effectively nullifying its role in the Triple Alliance. Their rebellion was finally crushed in mid-1916. Opposition to joining the Central Powers increased when Turkey became a member in September, since in 1911 Italy had occupied Ottoman possessions in Libya and the Dodecanese islands.

In time, chemical weapons were deployed by all major belligerents throughout the war, inflicting approximately 1.3 million casualties, but relatively few fatalities: About 90,000 in total. The Ottomans carried out organised and systematic massacres of the Armenian population at the beginning of the war and manipulated acts of Armenian resistance by portraying them as rebellions to justify further extermination. American casualties were caused by them. The use of chemical weapons in warfare was a direct violation of the 1899 Hague Declaration Concerning Asphyxiating Gases and the 1907 Hague Convention on Land Warfare, which prohibited their use. The ethnic cleansing of the Ottoman Empire’s Armenian population, including mass deportations and executions, during the final years of the Ottoman Empire is considered genocide.