Soviet Union the initiative on the Eastern Front. On 3 September 1943, the Western Allies invaded the Italian mainland, following Italy’s armistice with the Allies and the ensuing German occupation of Italy. Italian civil war. The Western Allies fought through several lines until reaching the main German defensive line in mid-November. The Germans tried to stabilise their eastern front along the hastily fortified Panther-Wotan line, but the Soviets broke through it at Smolensk and the Lower Dnieper Offensive. German operations in the Atlantic also suffered.
Communist forces in Pingxingguan. The Japanese continued to push Chinese forces back, capturing the capital Nanking in December 1937. After the fall of Nanking, tens or hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians and disarmed combatants were murdered by the Japanese. In March 1938, Nationalist Chinese forces won their first major victory at Taierzhuang, but then the city of Xuzhou was taken by the Japanese in May. Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek deployed his best army to defend Shanghai, but after three months of fighting, Shanghai fell.
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France kept its fleet, which the United Kingdom attacked on 3 July in an attempt to prevent its seizure by Germany – pipihosa.com – . German air superiority campaign started in August but failed to defeat RAF Fighter Command, forcing the indefinite postponement of the proposed German invasion of Britain. Using newly captured French ports, the German Navy enjoyed success against an over-extended Royal Navy, using U-boats against British shipping in the Atlantic. July with Luftwaffe attacks on shipping and harbours.
