On 5 November, Hirohito approved in imperial conference the operations plan for the war. On 20 November, the new government presented an interim proposal as its final offer. The American counter-proposal of 26 November required that Japan evacuate all of China without conditions and conclude non-aggression pacts with all Pacific powers. In exchange, Japan promised not to launch any attacks in Southeast Asia and to withdraw its forces from southern Indochina. It called for the end of American aid to China and for lifting the embargo on the supply of oil and other resources to Japan.

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Stueck, William (2010). “The Korean War”. Swain, Geoffrey (1992). “The Cominform: Tito’s International?”. Vol. I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Swain, Bruce (2001). A Chronology of Australian Armed Forces at War 1939-45. Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin. The Historical Journal. 35 (3): 641-663. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00026017. The Cambridge History of the Cold War – Origins. In Melvyn P. Leffler; Odd Arne Westad (eds.). Sumner, Ian; Baker, Alix (2001). The Royal Navy 1939-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. Tanaka, Yuki (1996). Hidden Horrors: Japanese War Crimes in World War II.

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Soviet soldiers committed mass rapes in occupied territories, especially in Germany. The USAAF bombed a total of 67 Japanese cities, killing 393,000 civilians, including the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and destroying 65% of built-up areas. German soldiers in the Soviet Union go as far as ten million. The mass bombing of cities in Europe and Asia has often been called a war crime, although no positive or specific customary international humanitarian law with respect to aerial warfare existed before or during World War II.

Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. New York: Fordham University Press. Chang, Iris (1997). The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II. Oxford & Malden MA: Blackwell Publishing. Cantril, Hadley (1940). “America Faces the War: A Study in Public Opinion”. Public Opinion Quarterly. 4 (3): 387-407. doi:10.1086/265420. Democracy in Europe: A History. New York: Basic Books. Christofferson, Thomas R.; Christofferson, Michael S. (2006). France During World War II: From Defeat to Liberation.